This book aims to familiarize readers with the overall scope of endoscopic surgeries for the treatment of various types of spinal disease. State of the art techniques for minimally invasive endoscopic procedures to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine are precisely described. The coverage includes cutting-edge endoscopic solutions for spinal canal stenosis or instability and low back pain. All technical aspects are explained in detail, and the text is complemented by many helpful illustrations. A further key feature is the provision of accompanying surgical videos, which will be of value to both novice and experienced surgeons. As a result of recent technological advances, minimally invasive endoscopic procedures are now being used for the treatment of patients with spinal problems in various institutes across the world. It can be anticipated that, in the near future, these procedures will be regarded as mainstream in spine surgery. The authors hope that this book will motivate the reader to participate in this trend, which promises important benefits for patients.

Jin-Sung Kim MD, Seoul St Marys Hospital, Seoul, Korea
Jun Ho Lee MD, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

Yong Ahn MD, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea 

1.Spinal Endoscopy: Historical review& current applications.- 2. Currently available equipment details in the market.- Part 1 Cervical Spinal Endoscopy.- 3.Anatomical considerations.- 4.Ventrally approached cervical.- endoscopy.- 5.   Posteriorly approached cervical endoscopy.- 6.Cervical endoscopy using Trans-corporeal Route.- Part 2. Thoracic Spinal Endoscopy.- 7.Anatomic considerations.- 8.Indications of thoracic spinal endoscopy - Background of thoracic disc herniation and endoscopic treatment.- 9.Posteriorly approached thoracic endoscopy& hybrid.- Part 3. Lumbar Spinal Endoscopy.- 10.Anatomical considerations.- 11.Indications.- 12.Transforaminal access during Lumbar Endoscopy.- 13.   Modified endoscopic access for migrated and foraminal/extraforaminal disc herniation.- 14.Neural foramen decompression using transforaminal access.- 15.Percutaneous Full-endoscopic Interlaminar Lumbar Spine Surgery.- 16.Endoscopic effort to overcome anatomical barriers.- 17.Current limits and feasible future modifications of lumbar endoscopy.- Part 4. Endoscopic solutions for spinal canal stenosis.- 18.Full-endoscopic bilateral decompression of central lumbar spinal stenosis with an unilateral interlaminar approach.- 19.Percutaneous biportal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation.- 20.   Percutaneous biportal endoscopic decompression for lumbar central stenosis and foraminal stenosis.- 21.Contralateral key-hole endoscopic surgery.- 22.Spinal interbody fusion under endoscopic guidance.- Part 5. CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN (CLBP) MANAGEMENT USING SPINAL ENDOSCOPY.- 23.A percutaneous pain procedures using spinal endoscopy, controversies.- 24.Ablation of medial bundle branch under spinal endoscopy.- 25.Ablation of SI joint under spinal endoscopy.- Part 6. Epiduroscopic Approach.- 26. Anatomic and Technical Considerations.- 27. Indication.- 28.   Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty.- 29.SELD (trans-Sacral Epidoscopic Laser Decompression).- 30.Current limits and feasible future modifications of spinal epiduroscopy.- 31.Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty Transforaminal approach.- Part 7: Spinal Endoscopy.- 32.   Future suggestions.