We read, but we are also read by others. Interferences of these readings. Forcing someone to read himself as he is read (slavehood). Forcing the others to read me as I read myself (conquest). 1 Simone Weil Karl Jaspers was born in Oldenburg in 1883, grew up in a liberal-minded bankers family, studied medicine and was granted a chair in philosophy at the Uni- 2 versity of Heidelberg in 1922. The decisive factor in this appointment was Jaspers 1919 monograph Psychology of World Views (Psychologie der Weltanschauungen), 3 which founded so-called existence philosophy. What is less known is that in 1913 Jaspers had already published an epoch-making methodological systematics, his General Psychopathology (Allgemeine Psychopathologie), which had established 4 him as an authority in the field of psychiatry in the German-speaking world. As a result of this as well as the fact that Jaspers addressed questions concerning physi- 5 sicians self-identity, Jaspers is now celebrated as one of the classic figures of 6 medicine. 1 Weil (1990), pg. 134. 2 Karl Jaspers (1883-1969) worked as a psychiatrist in Heidelberg starting in 1909, and from 1914 on he held a position as a Privatdozent for psychology in the Department of Philosophy after having completed his Habilitation. In 1920 he was granted an assistant professorship and in 1922 a chair in this department. In 1937 he was forced to retire because his wife was Jewish. In 1945 he was reinstated.

The Critique of Psychoanalysis 1913-1920.- Life Conduct in Modern Times.- Critique of Psychoanalysis in 1931.- Critique of Psychoanalysis in 1941.- The Founding of the Psychosomatic Clinic in Heidelberg 1946-1949.- Critique of Psychoanalytic Psychosomatics 1949-1953.- On the Critique of Psychoanalysis and Society 1950-1968.- Summary and Prospective View.