Graham Macdonald is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, and Distinguished International Fellow at the Institute of Cognition and Culture, Queens University Belfast. He is co-author, with Philip Pettit, ofSemantics and Social Science (1980). In addition, he is editor ofPerception and Identity: Essays Presented to A. J. Ayer, with His Replies to Them (1979), co-editor, with Crispin Wright, ofFact, Science, and Morality (Blackwell, 1986), and co-editor, with Philip Catton, ofKarl Popper: Critical Appraisals (2004).

Together, they have editedPhilosophy of Psychology: Debates on Psychological Explanation andConnectionism: Debates on Psychological Explanation (both Blackwell, 1995).

Notes on Contributors vii

Introduction ix

1 Austerity and Openness 1
R. M. Sainsbury

Response to Sainsbury 14
JOHN McDOWELL

2 Reason and Language 22
Richard G. Heck, Jr.

Response to Heck 45
JOHN McDOWELL

3 Some Philosophical Integrations 50
Akeel Bilgrami

Response to Bilgrami 66
JOHN McDOWELL

4 Self-Knowledge and Inner Space 73
CYNTHIA MacDONALD

Response to Macdonald 89
JOHN McDOWELL

5 Personal Identity, Ethical not Metaphysical 95
Carol Rovane

Response to Rovane 114
JOHN McDOWELL

6 Acting in the Light of the Appearances 121
Jonathan Dancy

Response to Dancy 134
JOHN McDOWELL

7 External Reasons 142
Philip Pettit and Michael Smith

Response to Pettit and Smith 170
JOHN McDOWELL

8 Aristotles Use of Prudential Concepts 180
T. H. Irwin

Response to Irwin 198
JOHN McDOWELL

9 Julius Caesar and George Berkeley Play Leapfrog 203
Simon Blackburn

Response to Blackburn 217
JOHN McDOWELL

10 The Two Natures: Another Dogma? 222
GRAHAM MacDONALD

Response to Macdonald 235
JOHN McDOWELL

Index 240