This is the fourth volume in the Reviews in Fluorescence series. To date, three volumes have been both published and well received by the scienti c community. Several book reviews in the last few years have also favorably remarked on the series. In this fourth volume we continue the tradition of publishing leading edge and timely articles from authors around the world. We thank the authors for their timely and exciting contributions. We hope you nd this volume as useful as past volumes, which promises to be just as diverse with regard to uorescence-based content. Finally, in closing, I would like to thank to Aaron Johnson, formerly at Springer, for helping me to publish this book serial over the last four volumes. Thanks also go to Michael Weston at Springer for help in publishing this current volume. Baltimore, Maryland Chris D. Geddes v Contents Simple Calibration and Validation Standards for Fluorometry . . . . . 1 Ute Resch-Genger, Katrin Hoffmann, and Dietmar Pfeifer Membranes and Fluorescence Microscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Luis A. Bagatolli Electronic Energy Transport and Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Structural Insights into Proteins, Regular Protein Aggregates and Lipid Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 ? ? Therese Mikaelsson, Radek Sachl, and Lennart B. -A. Johansson Spectra FRET: A Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Method in Live Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Ekaterina A. Bykova and Jie Zheng Boronic Acid Based Modular Fluorescent Saccharide Sensors. . . . . . 103 John S. Fossey and Tony D. James Fluorescence Solvent Relaxation in Cationic Membranes . . . . . . . .

Dr. Chris D. Geddes, Ph.D., Professor, has extensive experience in fluorescence spectroscopy, particularly in fluorescence sensing and metal-fluorophore interactions (Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence), publishing over 190 papers and 18 books. Dr. Geddes is internationally known in fluorescence. He is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Fluorescence and founding editor of theWhos Who in Fluorescence andAnnual Reviews in Fluorescence volumes. In addition, due to the labs pioneering efforts in the fields of metallic nanoparticle-fluorophore interactions, Dr. Geddes recently launched a new Springer Journal,Plasmonics,as well as a new annual hard bound book seriesAnnual Reviews in Plasmonics. Dr. Geddes is Director of the Institute of Fluorescence, within the Medical Biotechnology Center which focuses on the nano-bio-technological applications of fluorescence. Dr. Geddes is currently the chair of 1 NIH study section, a frequent member of the NIBIB special emphasis sensing panels and a permanent member of the NIH EBT study section.

http://theinstituteoffluorescence.com/

Simple Calibration and Validation Standards for Fluorometry.- Membranes and Fluorescence Microscopy.- Electronic Energy Transport and Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Structural Insights into Proteins, Regular Protein Aggregates and Lipid Systems.- Spectra FRET: A Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Method in Live Cells.- Boronic Acid Based Modular Fluorescent Saccharide Sensors.- Fluorescence Solvent Relaxation in Cationic Membranes.- Quantum Dot-Encoded Fluorescent Beads for Biodetection and Imaging.- Study of Biological Assemblies by Ultrafast Fluorescence Spectroscopy.- Fluorescence Signal Amplification for Ultrasensitive DNA Detection.- Exploring the Electrostatic Landscape of Proteins with Tryptophan Fluorescence.- Fluorescent Probes for Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy.- High-Resolution Fluorescence Studies on Excited-State Intra- and Intermolecular Proton Transfer.- Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusion Fluorescence: A Review.- Photophysics and Biophysical Applications of Benzo[a]phenoxazine Type Fluorophores.- A Fluorescence Quenching Method to Study Interactions of Hemoglobin Derivatives with Erythroid Spectrin.- Photoluminescence of Pharmaceutical Materials in the Solid State. 4. Fluorescence Studies of Various Solvated and Desolvated Solvatomorphs of Erythromycin A.