In 'Four Phases of Morals: Socrates, Aristotle, Christianity, Utilitarianism' by John Stuart Blackie, the author delves into the evolution of moral philosophy through the lenses of four major perspectives. Blackie explores the teachings of Socrates and Aristotle, highlighting their contributions to ethical thought. He then delves into the moral teachings of Christianity, analyzing its impact on Western society. Finally, Blackie discusses Utilitarianism and its role in modern ethics. The book is written in a scholarly and thought-provoking style, providing a comprehensive overview of moral philosophy throughout history. Blackie's analysis offers valuable insights into the development of moral beliefs and how they have shaped societies. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of ethics and the philosophical underpinnings of morality.

John Stuart Blackie was a distinguished Scottish scholar and man of letters, born on July 28, 1809, in Glasgow, and notable for his versatile contributions to the literary and intellectual milieu of the 19th century. He was a formidable figure in academic circles, renowned for his expertise in classical languages and his passionate Scottish nationalism. Blackie held the esteemed position of Professor of Greek at the University of Edinburgh from 1852 to 1882, where he left a lasting imprint on the classical curriculum. His prowess extended beyond academia into the realm of literature and philosophy, where he deeply engaged with moral and ethical issues of his time. One notable work, 'Four Phases of Morals: Socrates, Aristotle, Christianity, Utilitarianism,' epitomizes his scholarly endeavor to analyze the evolution of ethical thought through key historical and philosophical frameworks. In this text, Blackie deftly examines the teachings of ancient philosophers, juxtaposing them with Christian morality and the emerging theories of utilitarianism, thus contributing to the broader discourse on moral philosophy. His eloquence and rigorous scholarly methods were evident in this and other works, which continue to be referenced in discussions of moral theory and the history of ethical thought. Blackie died on March 2, 1895, but his intellectual legacy endures in the field of moral philosophy and classical studies.